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前言 当前openUBMC已支持Qemu仿真调试能力，但针对硬件相关调试，仍缺乏高效的调试手段。笔者在尝试多种开发板后，总结了一套基于 米尔电子MYC-LHi3093开发板 的openUBMC启动心得，供社区开发者学习和参考。 物料准备 Hi3093核心板 核心板电源适配器 网线 typeC-USB线 8GB以上的SD卡（用于必要时恢复openeuler环境） 环境准备 鉴于 Hi3093 核心板出厂默认搭载 openEuler 操作系统，须将其替换为 openUBMC RTOS。为此，需依次完成以下前置工作： 定制并构建 openUBMC RTOS 镜像； 规划并格式化核心板存储分区，确保与 openUBMC 分区表兼容。 openUBMC RTOS 镜像制作 openUBMC 开发环境搭建请严格遵循官方文档   Ubuntu 开发环境搭建 | openUBMC 。 为便于后续与核心板进行网络通信， 建议采用虚拟机方式部署 Ubuntu 环境 ，并在虚拟机内完成全部初始化步骤。本章节将采用VirtualBox进行openUBMC开发环境搭建。 在VirtualBox，你需要遵守以下的步骤，完成环境搭建和openUBMC镜像制作： 1、Ubuntu24.04 iso下载，并在VirtualBox中安装，建议预留50GB的存储空间。 ⭐ 如果不想自己出包的话，可以直接下载 Hi3093预制镜像 ，下载后可直接跳过构建过程，将对应文件放置在下述的位置中。 2506_gx.zip 里面存放了烧录时所需的所有文件， *.hpm 为配套的固化开发板环境的 hpm 包。 ❗ 如果是自己出包，且采用的是openUBMC 25.03版本，请确保在 build\u002Fsubsys\u002Frc\u002Fsecurity.yml 中iam的版本 >=1.0.1  2、根据 ** Ubuntu 开发环境搭建 | openUBMC **进行openUBMC环境搭建。 3、安装openUBMC调试工具--  busybox , 并集成到manifest中。 4、在manifest目录下，执行 bingo build 完成openUBMC镜像制作。 最终在temp\u002Fbuild_openUBMC_debug_dev\u002Foutput可以找到对应的镜像文件 rootfs_BMC.img 。  同时还需要在 temp 目录下取出 initrd_boot.cpio.gz 还有 uImage 文件。其中 initrd_boot.cpio.gz 是Linux系统的初始RAM磁盘镜像， uImage 为Linux kernel内核镜像。  镜像烧录和分区表配置 核心板连接 现在我们需要通过串口等方式连接Hi3093核心板。核心板连接方式如下图所示：  ❗ 连接过程中，需要严格按照图中的端口进行连接，否则后续的操作必定会失败。 核心板启动 核心板的启动采用EMMC启动模式，将SW2的开关如此设置。  ⭐如果看不清晰，可以参考核心板提供的手册，里面详细介绍了如何通过EMMC启动。 核心板串口连接 通过typeC-USB线连接核心板后，可以通过串口连接软件进入核心板的串口界面。这里使用Xshell来建立连接：  选择SERIAL连接方式，并进入到串口页面。然后进行端口号配置。这里需要自己测试一下，看一下是使用COM多少。一般能用的话，会显示Connected的情况。  核心板启动与登录 Xshell连接到串口后，打开核心板的开关。可以在Xshell的串口中看到打印显示：  串口刷屏结束后，会提示登录，如果登录串口是黑屏的话，尝试敲几次回车，看看能不能出现登录界面。首次登录的话，账号是root，密码需要手动设置（会有提示）  SD卡准备 后续的操作会导致开发板的启动镜像发生改变，但同时SPI又不具备ssh连接的情况。所以需要提前准备一张sd卡进行镜像备份。步骤如下： fdisk -l  查看可用分区，找到sd卡分区，然后进行初始化（初始化命令可在网上查询，例如mkfs.vfat都可以，只要开发板能识别就行） 使用 mount 将sd卡分区挂在到某个目录 通过ssh上传米尔提供的SPI烧录文件，并拷贝到sd卡的分区中。 后续spi恢复openeuler环境时，只需重新挂载sd卡即可。 分区表配置 为确保 openUBMC 启动后能够正确访问 eMMC 的 user 区域，需预先完成手动分区并固化分区表。最终的分区配置如下所示：  执行动作如下所示： fdisk  \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0\n \n \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0p1  :  先执行n，然后选择p创建主分区，StartLBA输入16，EndLBA输入2097167\n \n \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0p2  :  先执行n，然后选择p创建主分区，StartLBA输入2097168，EndLBA输入9269839  ,  然后执行t，输入c\n \n \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0p3  :  先执行n，然后选择e创建扩展分区，StartLBA输入9269840，EndLBA输入12648447  \n \n \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0p5  :  先执行n，然后选择l创建逻辑分区，StartLBA输入9269856，EndLBA输入9899001,  然后执行t，输入c\n \n \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0p6  :  先执行n，然后选择l创建逻辑分区，StartLBA输入9899018，EndLBA输入11367023\n \n \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0p7  :  先执行n，然后选择l创建逻辑分区，StartLBA输入11367040，EndLBA输入11891327\n \n \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0p8  :  先执行n，然后选择l创建逻辑分区，StartLBA输入12615680，EndLBA输入12648447\n \n \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0p9  :  先执行n，然后选择l创建逻辑分区，StartLBA输入11891344，EndLBA输入12615663\n \n 然后执行w保存所有的配置。\n 分区完成之后，需要进行各个分区的格式化。 对于Win95 FAT32的分区需要使用mkfs.vfat来格式化，例如mkfs.vfat \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0p2 其他分区需要使用mkfs.ext4来格式化，例如mkfs.ext4 \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0p1 镜像烧录 核心板网络配置 为了能够将相关的镜像文件烧录到核心板中，需要使用sftp等文件传输方式上传镜像文件到核心板中。首先在核心板中配置网络，执行 ifconfig eth2 up 192.168.1.123  Windows网络配置与镜像包上传 打开windows的网络连接界面。选择以太网（这里需要自己确定是哪一个以太网，可以通过插拔网线的方式确定）  配置以太网的ip地址，使其与核心板在同一个网段。   配置之后，在windows侧测试网络连接：  出现如上的连接则表示成功。之后就能够通过sftp的方式将镜像文件上传到核心板的 \u002Ftmp 目录中。这里可以用Xshell的sftp，也可以用winscp的传输。这里以winscp工具为例：  连接成功之后，上传MYD-LHI3093-V2\\SoftwareFiles\\02-Images中的这四个文件。⭐这些文件来自于米尔电子提供的核心板资料。同时上传制作的openUBMC镜像包 rootfs_BMC.img 到 \u002Ftmp 目录中，并且重命名为 Hi3093_ext4fs.img 。   镜像包烧录 Hi3093提供了升级脚本，只需要在核心板串口按照如下的步骤执行升级即可完成升级。 qemu-aarch64  ~  # cd \u002Ftmp\u002F\n qemu-aarch64  \u002Ftmp  # ls\n Hi3093_ext4fs.img       hi3093_upgrade.sh   l1fw_rsa_4096.bin\n Hi3093_ext4fs_cms.bin   l0fw_rsa_4096.bin   u-boot_rsa_4096.bin\n qemu-aarch64  \u002Ftmp  # \u002Fhi3093_upgrade.sh 4096\n \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0gp0\n \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0gp2\n \u002Fdev\u002Fmmcblk0gp1\n update  temp  L0FW...\n 70+1  records  in\n 70+1  records  out\n 72088  bytes  (72  kB,  70  KiB ) copied, 0.0156561 s, 4.6 MB\u002Fs\n update  temp  L1FW...\n 178+1  records  in\n 178+1  records  out\n 182876  bytes  (183  kB,  179  KiB ) copied, 0.0365372 s, 5.0 MB\u002Fs\n update  temp  u-boot...\n 504+1  records  in\n 504+1  records  out\n 516616  bytes  (517  kB,  505  KiB ) copied, 0.111703 s, 4.6 MB\u002Fs\n update  temp  rootfs_hdr...\n 36+0  records  in\n 36+0  records  out\n 36864  bytes  (37  kB,  36  KiB ) copied, 0.00683788 s, 5.4 MB\u002Fs\n update  temp  rootfs...\n 376+1  records  in\n 376+1  records  out\n 394268672  bytes  (394  MB,  376  MiB ) copied, 2.40696 s, 164 MB\u002Fs\n emmc  update  success,  please  reboot  your  board...\n 出现上述的 emmc update success, please reboot your board...  表示烧录成功，但在执行重启之前，通过ssh把当前核心板上的\u002Fboot\u002Fhi1711_asci.dtb文件下载到windows中作为备份。 执行 reboot 命令，进行重启。注意重启并不代表完全升级openUBMC镜像成功，我们还需要修改Uboot配置，来加载openUBMC的 initrd_boot.cpio.gz 还有 uImage 。 Uboot配置修改 因为我们在只修改了img文件，还没有修改Linux kernel的uImage文件，所以需要通过tftp的方式进行替换。重启后，一直敲回车键，进入Uboot配置界面：  配置之前，需要配置一下核心板的Uboot能够访问到Ubuntu开发服务器的tftp。首先在Ubuntu中安装tftpd sudo  apt  install  tftpd-hpa\n 安装之后把manifest准备阶段的 initrd_boot.cpio.gz 和 uImage 还有从核心板上下载下来的 dtb 文件（重命名为hi3093.dtb）放置到\u002Fvar\u002Flib\u002Ftftproot中。 然后Virtual Box Ubuntu中还需要进行网络配置。更多细节可参考： virtualbox网络配置实现PC、虚拟机、开发板互ping 打开virtualbox的网络管理器，按照如下的指示进行配置。    完成上述配置之后，在windows ping一下，测试是否能够访问Ubuntu24.04所在的网络。  但此时还无法通过Uboot去ping Ubuntu，所以需要建立网桥。 在windows网络连接配置页面，选中虚拟网卡和与核心板连接的以太网，右键打开选中 桥接 。  ⭐ 完成上述配置后，在Uboot中配置核心板的ip和网关 setenv  ipaddr  192.168.1.123\n setenv  netmask  255.255.255.0\n setenv  gateway  192.168.1.1\n setenv  serverip  192.168.1.111\n 上述设置之后，需要ping 192.168.1.111确定一下，如果没法ping通，需要确定网络连接状态。排查方法可以看 virtualbox网络配置实现PC、虚拟机、开发板互ping  确认通信已建立后，在Uboot中通过tftp协议下载 uImage 和 initrd_boot.cpio.gz 。 setenv  tftp_dtb  \"tftp ${ dtb_load_addr } hi3093.dtb\"\n run  tftp_dtb  # 下载dtb文件\n run  tftp_network_boot  # 执行之后，需要确定已下载\n run  run_linux  # 执行此步后，会自动启动系统\n  等待openUBMC RTOS系统启动，即可看到openUBMC的串口打印。  openUBMC环境配置 因为openUBMC的默认IP为 192.168.2.100，网关也是192.168.2.100。和我们之前的配置不在同一个网段，所以需要重新修改以太网的配置才能够登录openUBMC。在之前配置的网桥中取消核心板以太网的配置。  然后右键以太网，手动配置器ip地址。  配置之后能够通过telnet连接：  执行source \u002Fetc\u002Fprofile可开启busctl等命令。 openUBMC密码生成 初始的BMC是没有密码的，可以通过cat \u002Fetc\u002Fshadow来查看是否有很长的一段加密信息，没有的话就需要手动去添加密码： # 激活busctl\n source  \u002Fetc\u002Fprofile\n \n # 修改密码\n busctl  --user  call  bmc.kepler.account  \u002Fbmc\u002Fkepler\u002FAccountService\u002FAccounts\u002F2  bmc.kepler.AccountService.ManagerAccount  ChangePwd  a{ss}\n ay  3  Interface  Web  UserName  Administrator  ClientAddr  127.0.0.1  10  65  100  109  105  110  64  57  48  48  48\n 修改之后的密码就是 Admin@9000，当然也可以修改为自定义的密码， 65 100 109 105 110 64 57 48 48 48 对应 Admin@9000 的ASCII码，用户也能够根据此种方式自定义密码。 但此时还无法通过ssh登录。这是因为openssh缺少文件。但可以通过ipmi工具来测试密码是否正确： >  . \\i pmitool.exe -H 192.168.2.100 -I lanplus -p 623 -U Administrator -P Admin@9000 -C 17 mc info\n Device  ID                  :  1\n Device  Revision            :  1\n Firmware  Revision          :  25.00\n IPMI  Version               :  2.0\n Manufacturer  ID            :  2011\n Manufacturer  Name          :  Unknown  (0x7DB)\n Product  ID                 :  0  (0x0000)\n Product  Name               :  Unknown  (0x0)\n Device  Available           :  yes\n Provides  Device  SDRs       :  yes\n Additional  Device  Support  :\n     Sensor  Device\n     SDR  Repository  Device\n     SEL  Device\n     FRU  Inventory  Device\n     IPMB  Event  Generator\n     Chassis  Device\n Aux  Firmware  Rev  Info      :\n     0x00\n     0x00\n     0x00\n     0x01\n 显示mc info正常返回，表示账号和密码成功配置了 openUBMC ssh登录 在使用ssh连接过程中，出现了输入正确密码一直报错的问题。该问题是由于openssh中pam认证失败导致。 # 检查pam.d中ssh的依赖情况\n ls  -l  \u002Fdata\u002Ftrust\u002Fpam_faillock  \\\n       \u002Flib * \u002Fsecurity\u002Fpam_bmc_login.so  \\\n       \u002Flib * \u002Fsecurity\u002Fpam_selinux.so\n       \n # 检查是否存在common-auth common-account common-passwd\n # 一般都是存在的，不存在的是\u002Fdata\u002Ftrust\u002Fpam_faillock,需要手动创建一下， 如果存在就不用去创建了\n touch  \u002Fdata\u002Ftrust\u002Fpam_faillock\n chmod  644  \u002Fdata\u002Ftrust\u002Fpam_faillock\n BMC 网页登录 初始环境中，没有BMC的证书，可以通过openSSL进行证书的生成。有了此证书后，才能够完成Nginx的启动。 证书准备文件有： SSL.p12 通过sftp等方式，将 SSL.p12 上传到openUBMC的 \u002Ftmp 目录下，然后导入证书: date  -s  \"2025-06-09\"  &&  busctl  --user  call  bmc.kepler.certificate  \u002Fbmc\u002Fkepler\u002FCertificateService  bmc.kepler.CertificateService  ImportCertWithKey  a{ss}isss  3  Interface  Busctl  UserName  Adminitrator  ClientAddr  127.0.0.1  1  URI  \u002Ftmp\u002FSSL.p12  \"\"\n 💥 上述命令描述的 2025-06-09 需要设置为生成证书时间之后。否则会有导入错误。导入成功或Nginx和Web都能够正常使用了。即可通过网页登录openUBMC了。 openUBMC系统固化 （最后一步） 在Uboot中，我们配置了tftp下载内核文件等，但此过程无法固化，为此可以通过在网页中升级一次 hpm 包，升级过程中，会把内核文件等烧录到emmc中，之后重启核心板就会依旧是openUBMC系统。同时也会具备主备分区等能力。 QA 如何回滚到openEuler系统？ 1、进入SPI界面，进行环境烧录。参考HI3093提供的软件开发手册\n  2、下载提供的Hi3093的原始启动文件压缩包 ->  https:\u002F\u002Fgitcode.com\u002Ffxx551\u002FHi3093\u002Freleases\u002Fv1.2  \n3、解压压缩包后，将内容上传至ubuntu虚拟机中。并更新到\u002Fvar\u002Flib\u002Ftftpboot 注意这里的hi1711_asic.dtb文件名要变更为 hi3093.dtb  4、进入emmc的Uboot界面，并配置网络\n设置网络，使其能ping通虚拟机\n并配置tftp_network_boot setenv  tftp_network_boot  'tftp ${dtb_load_addr} hi3093.dtb;     \n ${kernel_load_addr} uImage;     \n tftp \n tftp ${initrd_load_addr} initrd_boot.cpio.gz;     \n bootm ${kernel_load_addr} ${initrd_load_addr} : ${initrd_size} ${dtb_load_addr}'\n  = >  ping  ${serverip}\n  Using  hi309x_gmac  device\n  ## Warning: gatewayip needed but not set\n  host  192.168.1.111  is  alive\n  = >  run  tftp_network_boot\n  = >  run  run_linux\n   EMMC 分区概念说明  烧录openUBMC之后，串口卡住 通常openUBMC启动后串口会打印到os侧，如果需要串口打印到串口界面，需要执行 ipmcset -d serialdir -v 1 。该命令可在ssh输入，或在telnet 执行 source \u002Fetc\u002Fprofile 之后执行。 html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html 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